Canada and its allies sent a stern message to Iran today (Jan. 16): get ready to pay the families of those who died onboard the Ukrainian airliner it shot down, and don't try to block any meaningful criminal prosecution of those responsible.
Those demands were among the five elements in the agreement that emerged from the meeting Canada hosted in London Thursday with representatives from Britain, Sweden, Afghanistan and Ukraine — countries that lost citizens in the crash of Ukraine International Airlines flight PS752.
"We are judging Iran every day, demand by demand," Foreign Affairs Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne said after the meeting.
The newly formed group of Iran watchers will have to remain vigilant for months, if not years, Champagne said.
That was underscored by the presence of Dutch Foreign Minister Stef Blok. He joined talks to provide a briefing on the Netherlands' experience leading its five-year probe of the deadly shootdown of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 over Ukraine, which investigators have blamed on Russia. That crash killed 298 people and the majority of them were from the Netherlands.
The countries expect Iran to deal with them on providing compensation to the families of victims, and ensuring a transparent investigation into the downing of the aircraft.
"The international community is watching. I think that we took as a first positive step the fact that Iran admitted full responsibility," Champagne said, flanked by his fellow foreign ministers and their flags.
"From that admission, obviously, flows consequences and we expect and demand full co-operation from the Iranian authorities in every step of consular services, identification of remains, investigation and prosecution of those responsible."
The RCMP, for example, is creating DNA profiles in Canada of victims to help Iran identify remains but has not received a formal invitation to help out.
The group also called on Iran to respect families' wishes on repatriating the remains of the 176 people killed when the plane came down, full access for consular officials and investigators, and an independent and credible criminal investigation into last week's crash.
Everyone on board was killed when one, though perhaps two, Iranian surface-to-air missiles hit the Ukrainian airliner. Iran lost 82 nationals in the crash, while 57 Canadians were killed. The Canadian Press has independently confirmed at least 89 victims with ties to Canada, many of them students and professors returning after spending the December break visiting relatives in Iran.
Iran has said only a handful of victims had ties to Canada, based on its view of their citizenship. That has raised concerns the bodies won't be allowed out of the country for those families wishing for a burial in Canada.
After denying for days that it shot down the passenger plane, Iran's leaders apologized and admitted what they said was a mistake.
Champagne said further investigation was warranted to "clarify who would have committed that, how it was committed, because we know the cause but obviously there's a lot of questions."
Behind closed doors, the ministers also discussed the tools they might need to use to force Iran to co-operate with them if that becomes necessary. Those include legal actions in European courts and possible resolutions against Iran at the United Nations Security Council, said a senior Canadian government official, speaking on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the situation.
The Thursday gathering at Canada House in London's Trafalgar Square opened with a solemn, wordless ceremony.
Champagne led the four ministers down a grand staircase, past flags from their countries to a podium where each lit one candle in quiet succession. The ministers then stood shoulder to shoulder behind the flickering flames to lead a moment of silence.
Since the crash, Canada has had to rely on allies because it severed formal diplomatic relations with Iran in 2012.
"Coming at these issues with this group makes sense," said Dennis Horak, the retired diplomat who was Canada's last envoy in Tehran when its embassy was shuttered.
"There is strength in numbers, especially for Canada, which doesn't have diplomatic ties and had acrimonious relations with Iran even when we did."
But Horak said the group likely faces stalling tactics from Iran on compensation, and only a cursory commitment to bringing those at fault to justice after its announcement this week of arrests of an unknown number of people on unspecified charges.
"Iran will say they have acknowledged their mistake and will hold those responsible to account through their courts in order to deflect criticism and basically say to the world 'we got this' without being transparent," he said.
Champagne said Canada wants its two experts with the Transportation Safety Board who are now in Tehran to be part of the investigation when the plane's flight recorders, or black boxes, are examined. They could contain crucial flight data and cockpit recordings, and have been a bone of contention since the crash.
Shortly after the crash, a senior Iranian aviation official said the country would not turn over the black boxes from the 3 1/2-year-old Boeing 737-800 to the American company.
